LIBARCHIVE(3) manual page 
== NAME == 
'''libarchive''' 
- functions for reading and writing streaming archives 
== OVERVIEW == 
The 
'''libarchive''' 
library provides a flexible interface for reading and writing 
archives in various formats such as tar and cpio. 
'''libarchive''' 
also supports reading and writing archives compressed using 
various compression filters such as gzip and bzip2. 
The library is inherently stream-oriented; readers serially iterate through 
the archive, writers serially add things to the archive. 
In particular, note that there is currently no built-in support for 
random access nor for in-place modification. 

When reading an archive, the library automatically detects the 
format and the compression. 
The library currently has read support for: 
<ul> 
<li> 
old-style tar archives, 
</li><li> 
most variants of the POSIX 
"ustar" 
format, 
</li><li> 
the POSIX 
"pax interchange" 
format, 
</li><li> 
GNU-format tar archives, 
</li><li> 
most common cpio archive formats, 
</li><li> 
7-Zip archives, 
</li><li> 
ar archives (including GNU/SysV and BSD extensions), 
</li><li> 
Microsoft CAB archives, 
</li><li> 
ISO9660 CD images (including RockRidge and Joliet extensions), 
</li><li> 
LHA archives, 
</li><li> 
mtree file tree descriptions, 
</li><li> 
RAR and most RAR5 archives, 
</li><li> 
WARC archives, 
</li><li> 
XAR archives, 
</li><li> 
Zip archives. 
</li></ul> 
The library automatically detects archives compressed with 
[[compress(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=compress&sektion=1]], 
[[bzip2(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1]], 
[[grzip(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=grzip&sektion=1]], 
[[gzip(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&sektion=1]], 
[[lrzip(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lrzip&sektion=1]], 
[[lz4(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lz4&sektion=1]], 
[[lzip(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lzip&sektion=1]], 
[[lzop(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lzop&sektion=1]], 
[[xz(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=xz&sektion=1]], 
or 
[[zstd(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=zstd&sektion=1]] 
and decompresses them transparently. Decompression of some formats 
requires external decompressor utilities. 
It can similarly detect and decode archives processed with 
[[uuencode(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=uuencode&sektion=1]] 
or which have an 
[[rpm(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=rpm&sektion=1]] 
header. 

When writing an archive, you can specify the compression 
to be used and the format to use. 
The library can write 
<ul> 
<li> 
POSIX-standard 
"ustar" 
archives, 
</li><li> 
POSIX 
"pax interchange format" 
archives, 
</li><li> 
cpio archives, 
</li><li> 
7-Zip archives, 
</li><li> 
ar archives, 
</li><li> 
two different variants of shar archives, 
</li><li> 
ISO9660 CD images, 
</li><li> 
mtree file tree descriptions, 
</li><li> 
XAR archives, 
</li><li> 
Zip archive. 
</li></ul> 
Pax interchange format is an extension of the tar archive format that 
eliminates essentially all of the limitations of historic tar formats 
in a standard fashion that is supported 
by POSIX-compliant 
[[pax(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pax&sektion=1]] 
implementations on many systems as well as several newer implementations of 
[[ManPageBsdtar1]]. 
Note that the default write format will suppress the pax extended 
attributes for most entries; explicitly requesting pax format will 
enable those attributes for all entries. 

The read and write APIs are accessed through the 
'''archive_read_XXX'''() 
functions and the 
'''archive_write_XXX'''() 
functions, respectively, and either can be used independently 
of the other. 

The rest of this manual page provides an overview of the library 
operation. 
More detailed information can be found in the individual manual 
pages for each API or utility function. 
== READING AN ARCHIVE == 
See 
[[ManPageArchiveRead3]]. 
== WRITING AN ARCHIVE == 
See 
[[ManPageArchiveWrite3]]. 
== WRITING ENTRIES TO DISK == 
The 
[[ManPageArchiveWriteDisk3]] 
API allows you to write 
[[ManPageArchiveEntry3]] 
objects to disk using the same API used by 
[[ManPageArchiveWrite3]]. 
The 
[[ManPageArchiveWriteDisk3]] 
API is used internally by 
'''archive_read_extract'''('';'') 
using it directly can provide greater control over how entries 
get written to disk. 
This API also makes it possible to share code between 
archive-to-archive copy and archive-to-disk extraction 
operations. 
== READING ENTRIES FROM DISK == 
The 
[[ManPageArchiveReadDisk3]] 
supports for populating 
[[ManPageArchiveEntry3]] 
objects from information in the filesystem. 
This includes the information accessible from the 
[[stat(2)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=stat&sektion=2]] 
system call as well as ACLs, extended attributes, 
and other metadata. 
The 
[[ManPageArchiveReadDisk3]] 
API also supports iterating over directory trees, 
which allows directories of files to be read using 
an API compatible with 
the 
[[ManPageArchiveRead3]] 
API. 
== DESCRIPTION == 
Detailed descriptions of each function are provided by the 
corresponding manual pages. 

All of the functions utilize an opaque 
'''struct archive''' 
datatype that provides access to the archive contents. 

The 
'''struct archive_entry''' 
structure contains a complete description of a single archive 
entry. 
It uses an opaque interface that is fully documented in 
[[ManPageArchiveEntry3]]. 

Users familiar with historic formats should be aware that the newer 
variants have eliminated most restrictions on the length of textual fields. 
Clients should not assume that filenames, link names, user names, or 
group names are limited in length. 
In particular, pax interchange format can easily accommodate pathnames 
in arbitrary character sets that exceed 
''PATH_MAX''. 
== RETURN VALUES == 
Most functions return 
'''ARCHIVE_OK''' 
(zero) on success, non-zero on error. 
The return value indicates the general severity of the error, ranging 
from 
'''ARCHIVE_WARN''', 
which indicates a minor problem that should probably be reported 
to the user, to 
'''ARCHIVE_FATAL''', 
which indicates a serious problem that will prevent any further 
operations on this archive. 
On error, the 
'''archive_errno'''() 
function can be used to retrieve a numeric error code (see 
[[errno(2)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=errno&sektion=2]]). 
The 
'''archive_error_string'''() 
returns a textual error message suitable for display. 

'''archive_read_new'''() 
and 
'''archive_write_new'''() 
return pointers to an allocated and initialized 
'''struct archive''' 
object. 

'''archive_read_data'''() 
and 
'''archive_write_data'''() 
return a count of the number of bytes actually read or written. 
A value of zero indicates the end of the data for this entry. 
A negative value indicates an error, in which case the 
'''archive_errno'''() 
and 
'''archive_error_string'''() 
functions can be used to obtain more information. 
== ENVIRONMENT == 
There are character set conversions within the 
[[ManPageArchiveEntry3]] 
functions that are impacted by the currently-selected locale. 
== SEE ALSO == 
[[ManPageBsdtar1]], 
[[ManPageArchiveEntry3]], 
[[ManPageArchiveRead3]], 
[[ManPageArchiveUtil3]], 
[[ManPageArchiveWrite3]], 
[[ManPageTar5]] 
== HISTORY == 
The 
'''libarchive''' 
library first appeared in 
FreeBSD 5.3. 
== AUTHORS == 
The 
'''libarchive''' 
library was originally written by 
Tim Kientzle  &lt;kientzle@acm.org.&gt; 
== BUGS == 
Some archive formats support information that is not supported by 
'''struct archive_entry .''' 
Such information cannot be fully archived or restored using this library. 
This includes, for example, comments, character sets, 
or the arbitrary key/value pairs that can appear in 
pax interchange format archives. 

Conversely, of course, not all of the information that can be 
stored in an 
'''struct archive_entry''' 
is supported by all formats. 
For example, cpio formats do not support nanosecond timestamps; 
old tar formats do not support large device numbers. 

The ISO9660 reader cannot yet read all ISO9660 images; 
it should learn how to seek. 

The AR writer requires the client program to use 
two passes, unlike all other libarchive writers. 
